The use of antigen detection methods has greatly improved detection of Giardia duodenalis. These methods include:
- enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)
- fluorescent antibody techniques
- immunochromatographic strips (which can distinguish other parasites as well)
Some of these techniques, such as the immunochromatographic strips, can provide results within 10 minutes. As mentioned previously, since cysts are shed sporadically, multiple stools may need to be tested.
Molecular methods, as described in the amoeba section, have also been developed for Giardia.
Dientabmoeba fragilis has fewer alternative diagnostic methods. Antigen detection methods are not widely available, but are being developed, as are molecular methods. Dientamoeba is increasingly recognized as a common cause of intestinal disease.
