Antigen detection methods have dramatically improved the detection of Giardia duodenalis. These methods include:
- enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)
- fluorescent antibody techniques
- immunochromatographic strips (which can distinguish other parasites as well)
Some techniques, such as the immunochromatographic strips, can provide results within 10 minutes. As mentioned, since cysts are shed sporadically, multiple stools may need to be tested.
Molecular methods, as described in the amoeba section, have also been developed for Giardia.
Dientamoeba fragilis has fewer alternative diagnostic methods. Antigen detection methods, such as molecular methods, are not widely available but are being developed. Dientamoeba is increasingly recognized as a common cause of intestinal disease.
