In addition to the QMS structure and QSE's, there has to be a structured laboratory operations workflow that is applied to the QMS structure. The true pattern of workflow is specific to each individual laboratory. The workflow pattern for any laboratory is inclusive of all phases of testing: preexamination (preanalytical), examination (analytical), and postexamination (post-analytical). The 12 QSE's serve as structural components that can be applied to the three phases for laboratory testing and are applicable to all laboratory disciplines. See the sample workflow diagram for an overview of how workflow and the QSE's are incorporated into the laboratory operation.
