Types of AML treatments

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The page below is a sample from the LabCE course Acute Leukemia with a Focus on WHO Classification. Access the complete course and earn ASCLS P.A.C.E.-approved continuing education credits by subscribing online.

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Types of AML treatments

Treatment of AML is extremely complex, and is based on the genetic changes, the patient's age, and other prognostic factors. In general, possible treatment regimens consist of:
  • chemotherapeutic agents
  • target therapies directed at the specific genetic change
  • stem cell transplantation
The aim of chemotherapeutic drugs is to stop the cell cycle, and thus halt the proliferation of the leukemic cells, or in some cases, directly kill rapidly proliferating cells. Table 8 shows a few examples of such drugs. Keep in mind that chemotherapeutic drugs are used not only to treat AML, but other neoplastic conditions such as chronic leukemias and solid tumor cancers as well; and, in so doing, these treatments can actually cause AML.
Table 8. Types of AML Treatments.
Group of DrugsMechanism of ActionExample
Alkylating AgentsAdding alkyl groups to cause breakage of DNA strandsBusulfan
AntimetabolitesPrevents DNA replicationMethotrexate
Mitotic InhibitorsPlant alkaloids that damage cells and prevent replicationsVinsristine
CorticosteroidsInduce apoptosis in leukemic cells
Can also induce differentiation
Dexamethasone