Tracking Antibiotic-Resistant Tuberculosis (Online CE Course)

(based on 379 customer ratings)

Author: Cynthia B. Schofield, MPH, MT
Reviewer: Hallee Waye, BS, MLS (ASCP)^CM Reviewer: Julie Ann West, PhD, MLS(ASCP)^CM, SM(ASCP)^CM

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In this course, the presentation of a brief history of tuberculosis (TB) and its developing resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs, is followed by case histories from India, Italy, and the US-Mexican border. The pathogenesis of TB disease in humans is diagrammed and a review of diagnostic laboratory methods, susceptibility testing, and methods of control are explored.

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Continuing Education Credits

P.A.C.E.® Contact Hours (acceptable for AMT, ASCP, and state recertification): 2 hour(s)

Approved through 9/30/2024

Florida Board of Clinical Laboratory Personnel Credit Hours - General (Microbiology/Mycology/Parasitology): 2 hour(s)

Approved through 9/30/2024

Objectives

Review the history of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and developing antibiotic resistance.
Discuss the global history of tuberculosis (TB) resistance and subsequent challenges in regions of India, Italy, and the United States (US)-Mexican border.
Describe two pediatric TB cases.
Diagram and explain MTB pathogenesis.
Discuss laboratory methods of MTB diagnosis and susceptibility testing.
Review methods of TB treatment, control, and recent advances.

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(based on 379 customer ratings)

Course Outline

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Introduction

Introduction: Epidemiology of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
As of the most recent WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2021, India, Indonesia, and the Philippines make up >43% of cases of TB.
At present, the World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes which of the following classification categories of drug-resistant TB?

Background

History
Robert Koch made several significant discoveries with regard to the tuberculosis (TB) bacillus. Which statement is FALSE?
Early Treatment
TB Wonder Drugs
Transmission
For tuberculosis (TB) patients, the success of sanatorium treatment was based on a combination of several different factors. Which of the factors list...
Spread of Resistance: Escalation of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB)
In the 1980s, what major factor directly caused the escalation of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)?
Spread of Resistance: Global Emergency
After the first appearance of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), which control measure was the MOST effective?

Global View

Three Countries as Examples of TB Resistance and Challenges
India: TB Resistance and Challenges
Development of Selective Resistance in India
Which of the following statements BEST explains India’s rising prevalence of TB cases that are resistant to all known drug treatments?
Italy: TB Resistance and Challenges
Source of Infection in Italian School Epidemic
Which statement helps to explain the difficulty in resolving the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) epidemic in the Italian school?
Case Study of Drug Resistance in Two Children: Patient 1
Case Study of Drug Resistance in Two Children: Patient 2
Case Study of Drug Resistance in Two Children: Treatment Summary for Both Cases
Comparison of Italian Pediatric Cases
Which of the following statements accurately describes the similarities present in both of the Italian pediatric case studies presented?
United States (US)-Mexican Border: TB Resistance and Challenges
United States (US)-Mexican Border: TB Resistance and Challenges, continued
What primary factors tend to increase the incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) across the...

Pathogenesis

Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis (TB) Infection
Choose the correct statement which helps to explain the mechanisms of pathogenesis causing tuberculosis (TB) infection.
Tuberculosis (TB) is spread through the air from one person to another via aerosolized droplets. The inhaled viable bacteria (tubercle bacilli) begin ...

Laboratory Diagnosis

Laboratory Diagnosis
Acid-fast Bacilli (AFB) Smear Microscopy
Culture
Identification (ID)
Match the method with the definition that best applies.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST)
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST): Example of an Automated System
Match each description with the definition that applies.
Molecular Detection of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Strains: Isoniazid (INH) Resistance
Molecular Detection of Mutidrug-Resistant (MDR) Strains: Rifampin (RIF) Resistance

Treatment and Control of Antibiotic-resistant TB

Treatment of Drug Resistant TB
Control and Prevention
Which of the following statements is considered essential to the treatment and control of MDR-TB?
Bedaquiline fumarate is one of the newest drugs in the arsenal for use against multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. According to the WHO, how many countr...

Looking Ahead

Recent Advances
Looking Ahead
Although the MVA85A TB vaccine trial did not improve protection (when used in combination with BCG) against M. tuberculosis, other vaccine candidates ...
The United Nations Global Plan to End TB 2018-2022 is intended to stop and reverse the incidence of TB by:
Paradigm Shift

References

Image References
References

Additional Information

Level of instruction: Basic to intermediate

Intended audience: This course is intended for microbiology bench technicians and technologists, supervisors, and administrators.

Author information: Cynthia B. Schofield, MPH, MT received her BS degree in Biology at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan and her Masters of Public Health, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics at San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Cynthia is retired with 25 years of supervisory experience in the clinical microbiology laboratory and has written for numerous publications, including ASCP, Advance, and MLO.

Reviewer information: Hallee Waye, BS, MLS (ASCP)^CM, has over 7 years of experience as a medical laboratory scientist. She currently works as a clinical microbiologist and the clinical laboratory educator for the Parkview School of Medical Laboratory Science in Pueblo, CO. She obtained her bachelor’s degree in microbiology from Colorado State University and attended the Colorado Center for Medical Laboratory Science to obtain her professional certificate in medical laboratory science. She is currently pursuing her master’s degree in clinical laboratory science at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley.

Reviewer information: Dr. Julie Ann West is certified by the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) as a Medical Laboratory Scientist (MLS) and as a Specialist in Microbiology (SM). In addition, Dr. West has earned a PhD in Public Health - Infectious Disease Epidemiology - and is Certified in Public Health (CPH) by the National Board of Public Health Examiners. Dr. West is experienced as a Technical Specialist, Safety Officer, Educator, and Lead in the Veterans Administration Healthcare System, and has prior experience as an Administrative Laboratory Director.

Course description: In this course, the presentation of a brief history of tuberculosis (TB) and its developing resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs, is followed by case histories of TB resistance and subsequent challenges from regions of India, Italy, and the US-Mexican border. The pathogenesis of TB disease in humans is diagrammed and a review of diagnostic laboratory methods, susceptibility testing, and methods of control are explored.