Course Outline
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- Introduction
- Introduction: Epidemiology of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
- As of the most recent WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2021, India, Indonesia, and the Philippines make up >43% of cases of TB.
- At present, the World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes which of the following classification categories of drug-resistant TB?
- Background
- History
- Robert Koch made several significant discoveries with regard to the tuberculosis (TB) bacillus. Which statement is FALSE?
- Early Treatment
- TB Wonder Drugs
- Transmission
- For tuberculosis (TB) patients, the success of sanatorium treatment was based on a combination of several different factors. Which of the factors list...
- Spread of Resistance: Escalation of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB)
- In the 1980s, what major factor directly caused the escalation of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)?
- Spread of Resistance: Global Emergency
- After the first appearance of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), which control measure was the MOST effective?
- Global View
- Three Countries as Examples of TB Resistance and Challenges
- India: TB Resistance and Challenges
- Development of Selective Resistance in India
- Which of the following statements BEST explains India’s rising prevalence of TB cases that are resistant to all known drug treatments?
- Italy: TB Resistance and Challenges
- Source of Infection in Italian School Epidemic
- Which statement helps to explain the difficulty in resolving the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) epidemic in the Italian school?
- Case Study of Drug Resistance in Two Children: Patient 1
- Case Study of Drug Resistance in Two Children: Patient 2
- Case Study of Drug Resistance in Two Children: Treatment Summary for Both Cases
- Comparison of Italian Pediatric Cases
- Which of the following statements accurately describes the similarities present in both of the Italian pediatric case studies presented? (Choose the b...
- United States (US)-Mexican Border: TB Resistance and Challenges
- United States (US)-Mexican Border: TB Resistance and Challenges, continued
- What primary factors tend to increase the incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) across the...
- Pathogenesis
- Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis (TB) Infection
- Choose the correct statement which helps to explain the mechanisms of pathogenesis causing tuberculosis (TB) infection.
- Tuberculosis (TB) is spread through the air from one person to another via aerosolized droplets. The inhaled viable bacteria (tubercle bacilli) begin ...
- Laboratory Diagnosis
- Treatment and Control of Antibiotic-resistant TB
- Treatment of Drug Resistant TB
- Control and Prevention
- Which of the following statements is considered essential to the treatment and control of MDR-TB?
- Bedequiline fumarate is one of the newest drugs in the arsenal for use against multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. According to the WHO, how many countr...
- Looking Ahead
- Recent Advances
- Looking Ahead
- Although the MVA85A TB vaccine trial did not improve protection (when used in combination with BCG) against M. tuberculosis, other vaccine candidates ...
- The United Nations Global Plan to End TB 2018-2022 is intended to stop and reverse the incidence of TB by:
- Paradigm Shift
- References
Additional Information
Level of instruction: Basic to intermediate
Intended audience: This course is intended for microbiology bench technicians and technologists, supervisors, and administrators.
Author information: Cynthia B. Schofield, MPH, MT received her BS degree in Biology at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan and her Masters of Public Health, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics at San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Cynthia is retired with 25 years of supervisory experience in the clinical microbiology laboratory and has written for numerous publications, including ASCP, Advance, and MLO.
Reviewer information: Hallee Waye, BS, MLS (ASCP)CM, has over 7 years of experience as a medical laboratory scientist. She currently works as a clinical microbiologist and the clinical laboratory educator for the Parkview School of Medical Laboratory Science in Pueblo, CO. She obtained her bachelor’s degree in microbiology from Colorado State University and attended the Colorado Center for Medical Laboratory Science to obtain her professional certificate in medical laboratory science. She is currently pursuing her master’s degree in clinical laboratory science at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley.
Reviewer information: Dr. Julie Ann West is certified by the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) as a Medical Laboratory Scientist (MLS) and as a Specialist in Microbiology (SM). In addition, Dr. West has earned a PhD in Public Health - Infectious Disease Epidemiology - and is Certified in Public Health (CPH) by the National Board of Public Health Examiners. Dr. West is experienced as a Technical Specialist, Safety Officer, Educator, and Lead in the Veterans Administration Healthcare System, and has prior experience as an Administrative Laboratory Director.
Course description: In this course, the presentation of a brief history of tuberculosis (TB) and its developing resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs, is followed by case histories of TB resistance and subsequent challenges from regions of India, Italy, and the US-Mexican border. The pathogenesis of TB disease in humans is diagrammed and a review of diagnostic laboratory methods, susceptibility testing, and methods of control are explored.
