Diagnosis and Identification of Fast-Growing Molds

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Diagnosis and Identification of Fast-Growing Molds

The following chart describes fast-growing molds, which are less often pathogenic. Each group is listed in alphabetical order:
OrganismDisease and Site Identifying FeaturesOther Comments
Alternaria spp. Phaeohyphomycosis, sinus/nasal infection Hyphae dematiaceous and septate. Golden brown hyphae have conidiophores with a chain of conidia resembling a drumstick. Produce dictyospores
Usually not pathogenic
Aureobasidium pullulansSkin, nails. Occasional phaehyphomycosisBlack yeast-like colonies. Conidia are hyaline and smooth-walled, single-celled ellipsoidal, and variable in shape and size (8–12 x 4–6 μm). They often have an indistinct hilum.
Bipolaris spp. Phaeohyphomycosis, chronic sinusitis Hyphae are dematiaceous and septate. Conidiophores are bent where conidia are attached. Multicelled macroconidia are oblong to fusoid, smooth-walled, and pseudostate (diptosepta). They can produce polar germ tubes.
Usually not pathogenic
Curvularia spp. Phaeohyphomycosis, sinusitis Hyphae dematiaceous and septate. Conidiophores are bent where conidia are attached. Macroconidia are brown, curved (boomerang shaped) with a central enlarged cell; end cells are lighter and have distinct transverse septa
Epicoccum spp. None, generally a clinical contaminant Numerous black sporodochia (aggregates of cushion-like conidiophores) are visible when sporulating. Macroconidia are divided by longitudinal and transverse septa (dictyospores).
Exserohilum spp. Phaeohyphomycosis Hyphae dematiaceous and septate. Conidiophores are bent where conidia are attached. Multi-celled macroconidia are long, pencil shaped and have a distinctive hilum (hilar cell extension) and have transverse septae.
Nigrospora spp. Rarely pathogenic; usually a plant pathogen The colony starts out white and wooly but then darkens with maturity, turning black or brown. Single, globose, black conidia.
Pseudallescheria boydii (Scedosporium)Mycetoma, Phaeohyphomycosis Has both sexual and asexual reproduction
Conidia are golden brown and single-celled, and borne from tips of conidiophores
Spores are in cleistothcia
See more info under the hyaline mold section.
Scopulariopsis brumptiiRare cause of disease Dematiaceous variation of the hyaline mold, Scopularopsis spp. Produces chains of large, lemon-shaped conidia with darkly staining bases called annelloconidia:
(S.brumptii)
Stemphylium spp. Rare cause of disease Dark brown, oblong, multicelled muriform conidia supported by a straight conidiophore “bale of cotton on a stick”
(images courtesy of U. of Adelaide)
Ulocladium spp. Keratitis Numerous, usually solitary, multicelled divided conidia (dictyoconidia or dictyospores) are formed through a pore (poroconidia) by a sympodially elongating geniculate (bent)conidiophore (which differentiates it from Stemphylium)
(second image courtesy of U. of Adelaide)