The following chart describes fast-growing molds, which are less often pathogenic. Each group is listed in alphabetical order:
Organism | Disease and Site | Identifying Features | Other Comments |
Alternaria spp. | Phaeohyphomycosis, sinus/nasal infection | Hyphae dematiaceous and septate. Golden brown hyphae have conidiophores with a chain of conidia resembling a drumstick. Produce dictyospores | Usually not pathogenic |
Aureobasidium pullulans | Skin, nails. Occasional phaehyphomycosis | Black yeast-like colonies. Conidia are hyaline and smooth-walled, single-celled ellipsoidal, and variable in shape and size (8–12 x 4–6 μm). They often have an indistinct hilum. | |
Bipolaris spp. | Phaeohyphomycosis, chronic sinusitis | Hyphae are dematiaceous and septate. Conidiophores are bent where conidia are attached. Multicelled macroconidia are oblong to fusoid, smooth-walled, and pseudostate (diptosepta). They can produce polar germ tubes. | Usually not pathogenic |
Curvularia spp. | Phaeohyphomycosis, sinusitis | Hyphae dematiaceous and septate. Conidiophores are bent where conidia are attached. Macroconidia are brown, curved (boomerang shaped) with a central enlarged cell; end cells are lighter and have distinct transverse septa | |
Epicoccum spp. | None, generally a clinical contaminant | Numerous black sporodochia (aggregates of cushion-like conidiophores) are visible when sporulating. Macroconidia are divided by longitudinal and transverse septa (dictyospores). | |
Exserohilum spp. | Phaeohyphomycosis | Hyphae dematiaceous and septate. Conidiophores are bent where conidia are attached. Multi-celled macroconidia are long, pencil shaped and have a distinctive hilum (hilar cell extension) and have transverse septae. | |
Nigrospora spp. | Rarely pathogenic; usually a plant pathogen | The colony starts out white and wooly but then darkens with maturity, turning black or brown. Single, globose, black conidia. | |
Pseudallescheria boydii (Scedosporium) | Mycetoma, Phaeohyphomycosis | Has both sexual and asexual reproduction Conidia are golden brown and single-celled, and borne from tips of conidiophores Spores are in cleistothcia | See more info under the hyaline mold section. |
Scopulariopsis brumptii | Rare cause of disease | Dematiaceous variation of the hyaline mold, Scopularopsis spp. Produces chains of large, lemon-shaped conidia with darkly staining bases called annelloconidia: (S.brumptii) | |
Stemphylium spp. | Rare cause of disease | Dark brown, oblong, multicelled muriform conidia supported by a straight conidiophore “bale of cotton on a stick” (images courtesy of U. of Adelaide) | |
Ulocladium spp. | Keratitis | Numerous, usually solitary, multicelled divided conidia (dictyoconidia or dictyospores) are formed through a pore (poroconidia) by a sympodially elongating geniculate (bent)conidiophore (which differentiates it from Stemphylium) (second image courtesy of U. of Adelaide) | |