Much further testing determines the patient's prognosis and monitors their progress. Some of the tests included:
- Beta2-microglobulin (B2M). Lymphocytes and other cells shed this protein. Significantly elevated levels are a poor prognostic indicator and indicate extensive disease.
- Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH). This non-specific enzyme results from cell destruction and turnover; higher levels also indicate more disease involvement and poorer prognosis.
- Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). This cytogenetic test detects chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomies, translocations, and other abnormalities. Changes indicating higher risk and poorer prognosis include translocations t(14;16) and t(14;20) and loss of p53 gene locus (del17p).
- Tests for kidney function such as creatinine.
- Imaging studies to detect bone lesions commonly result from infiltration of the myeloma cells.
