Expected Pathogens From Common Body Sites/Specimens, continued... - LabCE.com, Laboratory Continuing Education

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Expected Pathogens From Common Body Sites/Specimens, continued...

Body Site/Specimen	Organism(s) Commonly Expected	Comments
Respiratory	Streptococcus: Gram-positive cocci (GPC) in pairs and chains; S. pneumoniae in lancet-shaped pairs Staphylococcus: GPC in tetrads and clusters Moraxella: Gram-negative diplococci (GNDC) Haemophilus: Gram-negative coccobacilli (GNCB) Pseudomonas and enterics, such as E. coli: Gram-negative rods (GNRs) Lactobacillus and diptheroids: Gram-positive rods (GPRs) Yeast: Observed budding and/or with hyphae	Normal oral flora may include GPC, GPRs, GNDC, and GNCB, and GNRs. Numerous organisms can be pathogenic to the upper or lower respiratory tract. Hospital-acquired pneumonia is often caused by GNRs.
Urine	Pseudomonas and enterics, such as E. coli: GNRs Streptococci and enterococci: GPC in pairs and long chains Staphylococci: GPC in tetrads and clusters Yeast: Observed budding and with hyphae	Urine is typically sterile, but may be contaminated during noninvasive collection methods. E. coli is the most common cause of uncomplicated community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs). Frequently isolated pathogens include members of the Enterobacterales (formerly known as Enterobacteriaceae) - (GNRs), and GPC such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Enterococcus species. Recurrent UTIs often involve species of Proteus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella (all GNRs).
Wound/Abscess	Staphylococci: GPC in tetrads and clusters Streptococci and enterococci: GPC in pairs and long chains Pseudomonas and enterics, such as E. coli: GNRs Bacteroides: GNRs Clostridium and diptheroids: GPRs	More than one morphotype may be present.