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Gram-negative Organisms Recovered From Culture

Oxygen Requirement/Gram Stain Characteristics	Common Genus	Characteristic Gram Stain Morphology/Comments
Aerobic, gram-negative cocci (GNC)	Neisseria Moraxella catarrhalis	Gram-negative diplococci (pairs) with adjacent sides flattened (coffee bean shaped)
Aerobic, gram-negative rods (GNRs) and coccobacilli	Pseudomonas Haemophilus	Pseudomonas: Straight, slender, gram-negative rods (GNRs). H. influenzae: Small , pale staining, coccobacilli or short GNRs.
Anaerobic, GNRs	Bacteroides Fusobacterium	B. fragilis: Pale-staining, pleomorphic rods with rounded ends. F. nucleatum subspecies nucleatum: Pleomorphic GNRs with round to tapered ends.
Facultative anaerobic GNRs	Enterics (eg, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Shigella)	Typically, the enterics are plump GNRs. There is not a unique morphology that can be used to distinguish between the enteric organisms.