Emerging Cardiovascular Risk Markers (Online CE Course)
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Author: Kevin F. Foley, PhD, MT, SC
Reviewer: John Contois, PhD, DABCC, FACB
You don’t need to be a clinical laboratory scientist to know that there is a connection between HDL- and LDL-cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk. We are frequently confronted with these terms and the importance of reducing our “bad” cholesterol. Cholesterol screening is encouraged, but the traditional markers may fail to identify patients who are at high risk for cardiovascular disease. However, more accurate methods for determining risk are emerging. This course will acquaint you with several of these emerging cardiovascular risk markers that you may in the near future see added in your laboratory’s test menu.
Continuing Education Credits
- P.A.C.E.® Contact Hours (acceptable for AMT, ASCP, and state recertification): 1.5 hour(s)
- Florida Board of Clinical Laboratory Science CE - General (Clinical Chemistry/UA/Toxicology): 1.5 hour(s)
Objectives
- Define cardiovascular risk markers and discuss the role these markers have in patient management.
- List at least six emerging cardiovascular risk markers in use today.
- Describe ApoB/ApoA1 ratio testing and compare it to traditional LDL and HDL analysis.
- Describe the biochemical and clinical aspects of Lp(a).
- Describe hsCRP, compare it to traditional CRP measurements, and discuss its role in cardiovascular assessment.
- Explain the origination and significance of oxidized LDL.
- Explain the role of LpPLA2 in cardiovascular testing.
- Describe how lipid particle size is used in clinical assessment of cardiovascular risk.
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Course Outline
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Introduction cont.
- Risk Markers
- Risk Markers
- Atherosclerosis
- Atherosclerosis continued
- Patient Studies to Validate Risk Markers
- Which of the following is NOT a cardiovascular risk factor?
- Which of the following statements is true?
- Lipoproteins
- Transport of Lipophilic Substances
- Lipoprotein Particles
- Apolipoproteins
- Apolipoproteins cont.
- What are apolipoproteins?
- ApoB/ApoA1
- Importance of Determining Size and Number of Lipoprotein Particles
- Measuring Apolipoproteins
- ApoB and ApoA1
- ApoB/ApoA1: The Test
- What can be said of a patient who has high ApoB and low ApoA1 concentrations?
- C-Reactive Protein
- High Sensitivity-C-Reactive Protein
- The hs-CRP Test
- Which of the following is FALSE concerning CRP or hs-CRP?
- Lipoprotein (a)
- Oxidized LDL
- Oxidized LDL
- Oxidized LDL Physiology
- Oxidized LDL Tests
- Which of the following describes oxidized LDL?
- LpPLA2
- LpPLA2
- LpPLA2 and Cardiovascular Risk
- Which of the following statements are true regarding LpPLA2?
- Lipoprotein Particle Size and Number
- Size and Number
- Assessing Lipoprotein Particle Number and Size
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
- LDL Phenotype by Electrophoresis
- Electrophoresis Testing
- Measuring particle number instead of cholesterol content has which of the following features or limitations?
- Summary
- Summary
- Adult Treatment Panel
- References
Additional Information
Level of instruction: Intermediate
Intended Audience: Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians, and other health care personnel who have an interest in this subject matter. This course is also appropriate for clinical laboratory science students and pathology residents. Author Information: Kevin F. Foley, PhD, MT, SC is the head of the Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department at Northern Michigan University. Dr. Foley holds a PhD in clinical pharmacology and toxicology from East Carolina School of Medicine in North Carolina and certification as a specialist in clinical chemistry. He has taught at the University of Vermont and at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, where he aslo worked as a clinical chemist. His research areas include cardiovascular risk and inflammation markers as well as the neuropharmacology of amphetamine-like compounds. Dr. Foley is very active in the American Association of Clinical Chemistry. Reviewer information: John Contois, PhD, DABCC, FACB is the Manager of Research and Development for Maine Standards Company. He holds a MS and PhD in Nutritional Sciences from the University of Connecticut and an MBA from the University of North Carolina and is certified as a Diplomate with the American Board of Clinical Chemistry and a Fellow with the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry. Dr. Contois has a patent pending on a method for measuring the number of atherogenic low density lipoprotein particles in blood.
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